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Soia: un breve articolo per fare chiarezza
Che cosa è
È una pianta appartenente alla famiglia delle Leguminose. È originaria dell’Asia centrale, Attualmente viene coltivata in tutto il mondo, soprattutto per essere utilizzata come ingrediente nei mangimi con i quali vengono nutriti gli animali da allevamento.
È la migliore fonte di proteine tra i vegetali. Insieme a quinoa e spinaci contiene un’elevata quantità di tutti gli aminoacidi essenziali, come le proteine presenti nei prodotti di origine animale.
Questo legume può essere consumato, oltre che nella sua forma originale, sotto forma di latte, tofu, tempeh, miso, farina, olio, salsa, germogli e caffè.
È la migliore fonte di proteine tra i vegetali. Insieme a quinoa e spinaci contiene un’elevata quantità di tutti gli aminoacidi essenziali, come le proteine presenti nei prodotti di origine animale.
Questo legume può essere consumato, oltre che nella sua forma originale, sotto forma di latte, tofu, tempeh, miso, farina, olio, salsa, germogli e caffè.
Benefici
Un rapido elenco dei benefici che può apportare a chi la consuma regolarmente:
• Prevenzione delle malattie degenerative
• Protezione dalle malattie cardiovascolari
• Protezione dal diabete
• Protezione da alcuni tipi di cancro, in particolare quello della mammella (sia per chi non l’ha mai avuto sia per chi già lo ha avuto) e della prostata
• Migliora la salute dell’osso
• Abbassa il colesterolo
• Combatte i sintomi della menopausa come le vampate di calore
• Prevenzione delle malattie degenerative
• Protezione dalle malattie cardiovascolari
• Protezione dal diabete
• Protezione da alcuni tipi di cancro, in particolare quello della mammella (sia per chi non l’ha mai avuto sia per chi già lo ha avuto) e della prostata
• Migliora la salute dell’osso
• Abbassa il colesterolo
• Combatte i sintomi della menopausa come le vampate di calore
Chi può assumerla
Può essere consumata senza problemi da chiunque. Compresi lattanti, pazienti oncologici e pazienti con tireopatie (a patto che l’introduzione di iodio sia adeguata).
Alcuni popoli consumano soia da sempre, bambini, malati, pazienti oncologici e non. Questo ci dimostra che a lungo termine la soia non fa male. La Cina consuma soia da 3000 anni.
Alcuni popoli consumano soia da sempre, bambini, malati, pazienti oncologici e non. Questo ci dimostra che a lungo termine la soia non fa male. La Cina consuma soia da 3000 anni.
OGM?
La soia per uso umano non è geneticamente modificata, se così fosse dovrebbe essere segnalato. Questa procedura non è obbligatoria per la soia utilizzata per i mangimi animali. Quindi introduciamo soia OGM quando consumiamo prodotti animali, considerando che la soia destinata a questo utilizzo è quasi tutta (dal 40 al 100%) geneticamente modificata.
Ormoni e fertilità
La soia contiene fitoestrogeni (o isoflavoni), che sono estrogeni naturali non tossici e che non interferiscono con la fertilità né con lo sviluppo sessuale. Sono inoltre presenti anche in molti altri cibi vegetali (legumi, noci e alcuni vegetali).
Non esistono interazioni tra consumo di soia e terapie anti-estrogeniche.
Rimane importante la regola di seguire un’alimentazione varia.
Qualcuno dovrebbe evitarla?
Chi è allergico ovviamente fa bene ad evitarla.
Non esistono interazioni tra consumo di soia e terapie anti-estrogeniche.
Rimane importante la regola di seguire un’alimentazione varia.
Qualcuno dovrebbe evitarla?
Chi è allergico ovviamente fa bene ad evitarla.
Ambiente
Dal punto di vista ambientale la produzione di soia ha un impatto minore rispetto alla produzione dello stesso quantitativo di proteine animali (carne, pesce, latticini e uova).
Il disboscamento causato dalla coltivazione di soia riguarda la soia utilizzata per produrre mangimi per gli animali da macello, non quella ad uso umano.
Il disboscamento causato dalla coltivazione di soia riguarda la soia utilizzata per produrre mangimi per gli animali da macello, non quella ad uso umano.
Studi scientifici
In letteratura troviamo numerosi studi scientifici che provano quanto ho appena riassunto in poche parole.
Gianluca Rizzo and Luciana Baroni Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets Nutrients 2018, 10(1), 43
Shu, X.O.; Zheng, Y.; Cai, H.; Gu, K.; Chen, Z.; Zheng, W.; Lu, W. Soy food intake and breast cancer survival. JAMA 2009, 302, 2437–2443.
Caan, B.J.; Natarajan, L.; Parker, B.; Gold, E.B.; Thomson, C.; Newman, V.; Rock, C.L.; Pu, M.; Al-Delaimy, W.; Pierce, J.P. Soy food consumption and breast cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2011, 20, 854–858.
Lee, S.A.; Shu, X.O.; Li, H.; Yang, G.; Cai, H.; Wen, W.; Ji, B.T.; Gao, J.; Gao, Y.T.; Zheng, W. Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89, 1920–1926.
Banerjee, S.; Li, Y.; Wang, Z.; Sarkar, F.H. Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by genistein. Cancer Lett. 2008, 269, 226–242.
Messina, M.; Kucuk, O.; Lampe, J.W. An overview of the health effects of isoflavones with an emphasis on prostate cancer risk and prostate-specific antigen levels. J. AOAC Int. 2006, 89, 1121–1134.
Zhou, J.R.; Gugger, E.T.; Tanaka, T.; Guo, Y.; Blackburn, G.L.; Clinton, S.K. Soybean phytochemicals inhibit the growth of transplantable human prostate carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis in mice. J. Nutr. 1999, 129, 1628–1635.
Nagata, C.; Mizoue, T.; Tanaka, K.; Tsuji, I.; Tamakoshi, A.; Matsuo, K.; Wakai, K.; Inoue, M.; Tsugane, S.; Sasazuki, S.; et al. Soy Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence Among the Japanese Population. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 44, 282–295.
Hamilton-Reeves, J.M.; Banerjee, S.; Banerjee, S.K.; Holzbeierlein, J.M.; Thrasher, J.B.; Kambhampati, S.; Keighley, J.; Van Veldhuizen, P. Short-term soy isoflavone intervention in patients with localized prostate cancer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e68331.
Dalais, F.S.; Meliala, A.; Wattanapenpaiboon, N.; Frydenberg, M.; Suter, D.A.I.; Thomson, W.K.; Wahlqvist, M.L. Effects of a diet rich in phytoestrogens on prostate-specific antigen and sex hormones in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Urology 2004, 64, 510–515.
Pendleton, J.M.; Tan, W.W.; Anai, S.; Chang, M.; Hou, W.; Shiverick, K.T.; Rosser, C.J. Phase II trial of isoflavone in prostate-specific antigen recurrent prostate cancer after previous local therapy. BMC Cancer 2008, 8, 132.
Yan, L.; Spitznagel, E.L. Soy consumption and prostate cancer risk in men: A revisit of a meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89, 1155–1163.
Van Die, M.D.; Bone, K.M.; Williams, S.G.; Pirotta, M.V. Soy and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU Int. 2014, 113, E119–E130.
Hilakivi-Clarke, L.; Andrade, J.E.; Helferich, W. Is soy consumption good or bad for the breast? J. Nutr. 2010, 140, 2326S–2334S.
Yu, Y.; Jing, X.; Li, H.; Zhao, X.; Wang, D. Soy isoflavone consumption and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 25939.
Zhong, X.S.; Ge, J.; Chen, S.W.; Xiong, Y.Q.; Ma, S.J.; Chen, Q. Association between Dietary Isoflavones in Soy and Legumes and Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2016.
Shu, X.O.; Jin, F.; Dai, Q.; Wen, W.; Potter, J.D.; Kushi, L.H.; Ruan, Z.; Gao, Y.T.; Zheng, W. Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2001, 10, 483–488
Lee, S.A.; Shu, X.O.; Li, H.; Yang, G.; Cai, H.; Wen, W.; Ji, B.T.; Gao, J.; Gao, Y.T.; Zheng, W. Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89, 1920–1926.
Korde, L.A.; Wu, A.H.; Fears, T.; Nomura, A.M.Y.; West, D.W.; Kolonel, L.N.; Pike, M.C.; Hoover, R.N.; Ziegler, R.G. Childhood soy intake and breast cancer risk in Asian American women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2009, 18, 1050–1059.
Wu, A.H.; Wan, P.; Hankin, J.; Tseng, C.C.; Yu, M.C.; Pike, M.C. Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Carcinogenesis 2002, 23, 1491–1496.
Grosso, G.; Godos, J.; Lamuela-Raventos, R.; Ray, S.; Micek, A.; Pajak, A.; Sciacca, S.; D’Orazio, N.; Del Rio, D.; Galvano, F. A comprehensive meta-analysis on dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and cancer risk: Level of evidence and limitations. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2017, 61.
Wu, A.H.; Spicer, D.; Garcia, A.; Tseng, C.C.; Hovanessian-Larsen, L.; Sheth, P.; Martin, S.E.; Hawes, D.; Russell, C.; MacDonald, H.; et al. Double-Blind Randomized 12-Month Soy Intervention Had No Effects on Breast MRI Fibroglandular Tissue Density or Mammographic Density. Cancer Prev. Res. 2015, 8, 942–951.
Kim, M.K.; Kim, J.H.; Nam, S.J.; Ryu, S.; Kong, G. Dietary intake of soy protein and tofu in association with breast cancer risk based on a case-control study. Nutr. Cancer 2008, 60, 568–576.
Marini, H.; Bitto, A.; Altavilla, D.; Burnett, B.P.; Polito, F.; Di Stefano, V.; Minutoli, L.; Atteritano, M.; Levy, R.M.; D’Anna, R.; et al. Breast safety and efficacy of genistein aglycone for postmenopausal bone loss: A follow-up study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008, 93, 4787–4796.
Chen, M.; Rao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Wei, S.; Li, Y.; Guo, T.; Yin, P. Association between soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk for pre- and post-menopausal women: A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e89288.
Travis, R.C.; Allen, N.E.; Appleby, P.N.; Spencer, E.A.; Roddam, A.W.; Key, T.J. A prospective study of vegetarianism and isoflavone intake in relation to breast cancer risk in British women. Int. J. Cancer 2008, 122, 705–710.
Lamartiniere, C.A.; Moore, J.; Holland, M.; Barnes, S. Neonatal genistein chemoprevents mammary cancer. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1995, 208, 120–123.
Boyapati, S.M.; Shu, X.; Ruan, Z.X.; Dai, Q.; Cai, Q.; Gao, Y.; Zheng, W. Soyfood intake and breast cancer survival: A followup of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2005, 92, 11–17.
Fink, B.N.; Steck, S.E.; Wolff, M.S.; Britton, J.A.; Kabat, G.C.; Gaudet, M.M.; Abrahamson, P.E.; Bell, P.; Schroeder, J.C.; Teitelbaum, S.L.; et al. Dietary flavonoid intake and breast cancer survival among women on Long Island. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2007, 16, 2285–2292.
Guha, N.; Kwan, M.L.; Quesenberry, C.P.; Weltzien, E.K.; Castillo, A.L.; Caan, B.J. Soy isoflavones and risk of cancer recurrence in a cohort of breast cancer survivors: The Life After Cancer Epidemiology study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2009, 118, 395–405.
Rock, C.L.; Doyle, C.; Demark-Wahnefried, W.; Meyerhardt, J.; Courneya, K.S.; Schwartz, A.L.; Bandera, E.V.; Hamilton, K.K.; Grant, B.; McCullough, M.; et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2012, 62, 243–274.
American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). Soy is Safe for Breast Cancer Survivors.
-Messina, M.J.; Wood, C.E. Soy isoflavones, estrogen therapy, and breast cancer risk: Analysis and commentary. Nutr. J. 2008, 7, 17.
[Bruce_2003] Bruce B, Messina M, Spiller GA. Isoflavone supplements do not affect thyroid function in iodine-replete postmenopausal women. J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):309-16.
[Chen_2002] Chen X, Anderson JJ. Isoflavones and bone: animal and human evidence of efficacy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002 Jun;2(4):352-9.
[Ganry_2005] Ganry O. Phytoestrogens and prostate cancer risk. Prev Med. 2005 Jul;41(1):1-6. Epub 2004 Dec 9. Holzbeierlein_2005 Holzbeierlein JM, McIntosh J, Thrasher JB. The role of soy phytoestrogens in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol. 2005 Jan;15(1):17-22.
[Hu_2004] Hu SA. Risks and benefits of soy isoflavones for breast cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004 Mar-Apr;31(2):249-63.
[Krebs_2004] Krebs EE, Ensrud KE, Mac Donald R, Wilt TJ. Phytoestrogens for treatment of menopausal symptoms: a systematic review. Ostet Gynecol 2004;104(4): 824-36.
[McCue_2004] McCue P, Shetty K. Health benefits of soy isoflavonoids and strategies for enhancement: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004;44(5):361-7.
[Merritt_2004] Merritt RJ, Jenks BH. Safety of soy-based infant formulas containing isoflavones: the clinical evidence. J Nutr. 2004 May;134(5):1220S-1224S.
[Merritt_2004a] Merritt JC. Metabolic syndrome: soybean foods and serum lipids. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004 Aug;96(8):1032-41.
[Messina_2002a] Messina M, Gardner C, Barnes S. Gaining Insight into the Health Effects of Soy but a Long Way Still to Go: Commentary on the Fourth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease. J Nutr 2002;132:547S-551S.
[Messina_2003] Messina MJ. Emerging evidence on the role of soy in reducing prostate cancer risk. Nutr Rev. 2003 Apr;61(4):117-31.
[Messina_2004] Messina M, Erdamn J Jr, Setchell KD. Introduction to and perspectives from the Fifth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease. J Nutr 2004;134:1205S-1206S.
[Messina_2004a] Messina M, Ho S, Alekel DL. Skeletal benefits of soy isoflavones: a review of the clinical trial and epidemiologic data. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004 Nov;7(6):649-58.
[Miniello_2003] Miniello VL, Moro GE, Tarantino M, Natile M, Granieri L, Armenio L. Soy-based formulas and phyto-oestrogens: a safety profile. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2003 Sep;91(441):93-100.
[Mori_2004] Mori M, Aizawa T, Tokoro M, Miki T, Yamori Y. Soy isoflavone tablets reduce osteoporosis risk factors and obesity in middle-aged Japanese women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004 Dec;31 Suppl 2:S39-41.
[Rosell_2004] Rosell MS, Appleby PN, Spencer EA, Key TJ. Soy intake and blood cholesterol concentrations: a cross-sectional study of 1033 pre- and postmenopausal women in the Oxford arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;Nov 80(5):1391-1396.
[Weaver_2005] Weaver CM, Cheong JM. Soy isoflavones and bone health: the relationship is still unclear. J Nutr. 2005 May;135(5):1243-7.
[Yan_2005] Yan L, Spitznagel EL. Meta-analysis of soy food and risk of prostate cancer in men. Int J Cancer. 2005 Jun 8; [Epub ahead of print]
[Yang_2005] Yang G, Shu XO, Jin F, Zhang X, Li HL, Li Q, Gao YT, Zheng W. Longitudinal study of soy food intake and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 May;81(5):1012-7.
[Yeung_2003] Yeung J, Yu TF. Effects of isoflavones (soy phyto-estrogens) on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J 2003 Nov 19;2(1):15.
Gianluca Rizzo and Luciana Baroni Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets Nutrients 2018, 10(1), 43
Shu, X.O.; Zheng, Y.; Cai, H.; Gu, K.; Chen, Z.; Zheng, W.; Lu, W. Soy food intake and breast cancer survival. JAMA 2009, 302, 2437–2443.
Caan, B.J.; Natarajan, L.; Parker, B.; Gold, E.B.; Thomson, C.; Newman, V.; Rock, C.L.; Pu, M.; Al-Delaimy, W.; Pierce, J.P. Soy food consumption and breast cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2011, 20, 854–858.
Lee, S.A.; Shu, X.O.; Li, H.; Yang, G.; Cai, H.; Wen, W.; Ji, B.T.; Gao, J.; Gao, Y.T.; Zheng, W. Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89, 1920–1926.
Banerjee, S.; Li, Y.; Wang, Z.; Sarkar, F.H. Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by genistein. Cancer Lett. 2008, 269, 226–242.
Messina, M.; Kucuk, O.; Lampe, J.W. An overview of the health effects of isoflavones with an emphasis on prostate cancer risk and prostate-specific antigen levels. J. AOAC Int. 2006, 89, 1121–1134.
Zhou, J.R.; Gugger, E.T.; Tanaka, T.; Guo, Y.; Blackburn, G.L.; Clinton, S.K. Soybean phytochemicals inhibit the growth of transplantable human prostate carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis in mice. J. Nutr. 1999, 129, 1628–1635.
Nagata, C.; Mizoue, T.; Tanaka, K.; Tsuji, I.; Tamakoshi, A.; Matsuo, K.; Wakai, K.; Inoue, M.; Tsugane, S.; Sasazuki, S.; et al. Soy Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence Among the Japanese Population. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 44, 282–295.
Hamilton-Reeves, J.M.; Banerjee, S.; Banerjee, S.K.; Holzbeierlein, J.M.; Thrasher, J.B.; Kambhampati, S.; Keighley, J.; Van Veldhuizen, P. Short-term soy isoflavone intervention in patients with localized prostate cancer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e68331.
Dalais, F.S.; Meliala, A.; Wattanapenpaiboon, N.; Frydenberg, M.; Suter, D.A.I.; Thomson, W.K.; Wahlqvist, M.L. Effects of a diet rich in phytoestrogens on prostate-specific antigen and sex hormones in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Urology 2004, 64, 510–515.
Pendleton, J.M.; Tan, W.W.; Anai, S.; Chang, M.; Hou, W.; Shiverick, K.T.; Rosser, C.J. Phase II trial of isoflavone in prostate-specific antigen recurrent prostate cancer after previous local therapy. BMC Cancer 2008, 8, 132.
Yan, L.; Spitznagel, E.L. Soy consumption and prostate cancer risk in men: A revisit of a meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89, 1155–1163.
Van Die, M.D.; Bone, K.M.; Williams, S.G.; Pirotta, M.V. Soy and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU Int. 2014, 113, E119–E130.
Hilakivi-Clarke, L.; Andrade, J.E.; Helferich, W. Is soy consumption good or bad for the breast? J. Nutr. 2010, 140, 2326S–2334S.
Yu, Y.; Jing, X.; Li, H.; Zhao, X.; Wang, D. Soy isoflavone consumption and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 25939.
Zhong, X.S.; Ge, J.; Chen, S.W.; Xiong, Y.Q.; Ma, S.J.; Chen, Q. Association between Dietary Isoflavones in Soy and Legumes and Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2016.
Shu, X.O.; Jin, F.; Dai, Q.; Wen, W.; Potter, J.D.; Kushi, L.H.; Ruan, Z.; Gao, Y.T.; Zheng, W. Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2001, 10, 483–488
Lee, S.A.; Shu, X.O.; Li, H.; Yang, G.; Cai, H.; Wen, W.; Ji, B.T.; Gao, J.; Gao, Y.T.; Zheng, W. Adolescent and adult soy food intake and breast cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89, 1920–1926.
Korde, L.A.; Wu, A.H.; Fears, T.; Nomura, A.M.Y.; West, D.W.; Kolonel, L.N.; Pike, M.C.; Hoover, R.N.; Ziegler, R.G. Childhood soy intake and breast cancer risk in Asian American women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2009, 18, 1050–1059.
Wu, A.H.; Wan, P.; Hankin, J.; Tseng, C.C.; Yu, M.C.; Pike, M.C. Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Carcinogenesis 2002, 23, 1491–1496.
Grosso, G.; Godos, J.; Lamuela-Raventos, R.; Ray, S.; Micek, A.; Pajak, A.; Sciacca, S.; D’Orazio, N.; Del Rio, D.; Galvano, F. A comprehensive meta-analysis on dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and cancer risk: Level of evidence and limitations. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2017, 61.
Wu, A.H.; Spicer, D.; Garcia, A.; Tseng, C.C.; Hovanessian-Larsen, L.; Sheth, P.; Martin, S.E.; Hawes, D.; Russell, C.; MacDonald, H.; et al. Double-Blind Randomized 12-Month Soy Intervention Had No Effects on Breast MRI Fibroglandular Tissue Density or Mammographic Density. Cancer Prev. Res. 2015, 8, 942–951.
Kim, M.K.; Kim, J.H.; Nam, S.J.; Ryu, S.; Kong, G. Dietary intake of soy protein and tofu in association with breast cancer risk based on a case-control study. Nutr. Cancer 2008, 60, 568–576.
Marini, H.; Bitto, A.; Altavilla, D.; Burnett, B.P.; Polito, F.; Di Stefano, V.; Minutoli, L.; Atteritano, M.; Levy, R.M.; D’Anna, R.; et al. Breast safety and efficacy of genistein aglycone for postmenopausal bone loss: A follow-up study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008, 93, 4787–4796.
Chen, M.; Rao, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Wei, S.; Li, Y.; Guo, T.; Yin, P. Association between soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk for pre- and post-menopausal women: A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e89288.
Travis, R.C.; Allen, N.E.; Appleby, P.N.; Spencer, E.A.; Roddam, A.W.; Key, T.J. A prospective study of vegetarianism and isoflavone intake in relation to breast cancer risk in British women. Int. J. Cancer 2008, 122, 705–710.
Lamartiniere, C.A.; Moore, J.; Holland, M.; Barnes, S. Neonatal genistein chemoprevents mammary cancer. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1995, 208, 120–123.
Boyapati, S.M.; Shu, X.; Ruan, Z.X.; Dai, Q.; Cai, Q.; Gao, Y.; Zheng, W. Soyfood intake and breast cancer survival: A followup of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2005, 92, 11–17.
Fink, B.N.; Steck, S.E.; Wolff, M.S.; Britton, J.A.; Kabat, G.C.; Gaudet, M.M.; Abrahamson, P.E.; Bell, P.; Schroeder, J.C.; Teitelbaum, S.L.; et al. Dietary flavonoid intake and breast cancer survival among women on Long Island. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2007, 16, 2285–2292.
Guha, N.; Kwan, M.L.; Quesenberry, C.P.; Weltzien, E.K.; Castillo, A.L.; Caan, B.J. Soy isoflavones and risk of cancer recurrence in a cohort of breast cancer survivors: The Life After Cancer Epidemiology study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2009, 118, 395–405.
Rock, C.L.; Doyle, C.; Demark-Wahnefried, W.; Meyerhardt, J.; Courneya, K.S.; Schwartz, A.L.; Bandera, E.V.; Hamilton, K.K.; Grant, B.; McCullough, M.; et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2012, 62, 243–274.
American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). Soy is Safe for Breast Cancer Survivors.
-Messina, M.J.; Wood, C.E. Soy isoflavones, estrogen therapy, and breast cancer risk: Analysis and commentary. Nutr. J. 2008, 7, 17.
[Bruce_2003] Bruce B, Messina M, Spiller GA. Isoflavone supplements do not affect thyroid function in iodine-replete postmenopausal women. J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):309-16.
[Chen_2002] Chen X, Anderson JJ. Isoflavones and bone: animal and human evidence of efficacy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002 Jun;2(4):352-9.
[Ganry_2005] Ganry O. Phytoestrogens and prostate cancer risk. Prev Med. 2005 Jul;41(1):1-6. Epub 2004 Dec 9. Holzbeierlein_2005 Holzbeierlein JM, McIntosh J, Thrasher JB. The role of soy phytoestrogens in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol. 2005 Jan;15(1):17-22.
[Hu_2004] Hu SA. Risks and benefits of soy isoflavones for breast cancer survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004 Mar-Apr;31(2):249-63.
[Krebs_2004] Krebs EE, Ensrud KE, Mac Donald R, Wilt TJ. Phytoestrogens for treatment of menopausal symptoms: a systematic review. Ostet Gynecol 2004;104(4): 824-36.
[McCue_2004] McCue P, Shetty K. Health benefits of soy isoflavonoids and strategies for enhancement: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004;44(5):361-7.
[Merritt_2004] Merritt RJ, Jenks BH. Safety of soy-based infant formulas containing isoflavones: the clinical evidence. J Nutr. 2004 May;134(5):1220S-1224S.
[Merritt_2004a] Merritt JC. Metabolic syndrome: soybean foods and serum lipids. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004 Aug;96(8):1032-41.
[Messina_2002a] Messina M, Gardner C, Barnes S. Gaining Insight into the Health Effects of Soy but a Long Way Still to Go: Commentary on the Fourth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease. J Nutr 2002;132:547S-551S.
[Messina_2003] Messina MJ. Emerging evidence on the role of soy in reducing prostate cancer risk. Nutr Rev. 2003 Apr;61(4):117-31.
[Messina_2004] Messina M, Erdamn J Jr, Setchell KD. Introduction to and perspectives from the Fifth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease. J Nutr 2004;134:1205S-1206S.
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